Nowadays,cigarette smoking has become a widespread habit all over the world.It was reported that smokers make up one quarter of the world population.In China,33.9% above the age of 15 are smokers.
Although an increasing number of people have realized that smoking can do great harm to people's health,some people still enjoy smoking.They argue that it is a kind of fashion and can refresh themselves.In fact,needless to say, the disadvantages of smoking outweigh the advantages.As we all know,the mixture of nicotine and carbon monoxide in each cigarette you smoke temporarily increase your heart rate and blood pressure,thus straining your heart and blood vessels.Worse still,if you keep smoking for a long time,your airways swell up and let less air into your lungs,and you are much given to be exposed to emphysema which is an illness that slowly rots your lungs. Besides, according to some scientific statistics,men who smoke are more likely to die from lung cancer than non-smokers.Heart diseases and strokes are also more common among smokers than non-smokers.Last but not least,smoking is not only harmful to smokers themselves,but also a threat to public health,especially to women and children.
Based on the analysis,the conclusion can be arrived at that we must try our best to get rid of smoking especially in public in that not only can the smokers themselves become healthier and stronger,but people around them can be more unlikely to be the victims of second-hand smokers
2009年3月21日星期六
Refugees and IDPS
A refugee is a person who flees to a foreign country or power to escape danger or persecusion.However, unlike refugees ,internally displaced persons(IDPS)are persons or groups of persons who have been forced to or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence but have not crossed an internationally recongized state border.On the other hand, there is no international humanitarian institution which has the overrall responsibility of protecting and assisting the refugees as well as the internally displaced.
The problem of protecting and assisting refugees and the internally displaced is not a new issue.In terms of legal protection,using the 1951Geneva Refugee Convention as its major tool, UNHCR's core mandate is to ensure the international protection of 31.7 million uprooted people worldwide. It promotes the basic human rights of refugees and that they will not be returned involuntarily to a country where they face persecution. It helps them to repatriate to their homeland when conditions permit, integrate into states of asylum or resettle in third countries. UNHCR promotes international refugee agreements, helps states establish asylum structures and acts as an international watchdog over refugee issues.Through an extensive body of international law and treaties and by working with governments and other organizations on subjects ranging from promoting asylum systems to refugee advocacy, UNHCR promotes the legal protection of refugees and durable solutions. As for the global protection,providing fleeing
civilians with emergency help is often the first step towards their long term protection and rehabilitation. To meet these and other operational needs, UNHCR has developed a global network of suppliers, specialist agencies and partners. Projects can range from dispatching emergency teams to the scene of a crisis, providing emergency food, shelter, water and medical supplies, and arranging major airlifts for a large exodus of refugees or a flotilla of small boats for smaller numbers of fleeing civilians. Among a host of other programmes, there are projects to help protect the environment, build schools and raise awareness of such problems as HIV/AIDS.
The problem of protecting and assisting refugees and the internally displaced is not a new issue.In terms of legal protection,using the 1951Geneva Refugee Convention as its major tool, UNHCR's core mandate is to ensure the international protection of 31.7 million uprooted people worldwide. It promotes the basic human rights of refugees and that they will not be returned involuntarily to a country where they face persecution. It helps them to repatriate to their homeland when conditions permit, integrate into states of asylum or resettle in third countries. UNHCR promotes international refugee agreements, helps states establish asylum structures and acts as an international watchdog over refugee issues.Through an extensive body of international law and treaties and by working with governments and other organizations on subjects ranging from promoting asylum systems to refugee advocacy, UNHCR promotes the legal protection of refugees and durable solutions. As for the global protection,providing fleeing
civilians with emergency help is often the first step towards their long term protection and rehabilitation. To meet these and other operational needs, UNHCR has developed a global network of suppliers, specialist agencies and partners. Projects can range from dispatching emergency teams to the scene of a crisis, providing emergency food, shelter, water and medical supplies, and arranging major airlifts for a large exodus of refugees or a flotilla of small boats for smaller numbers of fleeing civilians. Among a host of other programmes, there are projects to help protect the environment, build schools and raise awareness of such problems as HIV/AIDS.
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